CULTURE AND MANAGEMENT STYLE

CULTURE AND MANAGEMENT STYLE

A. Culture Influence To Management style

Culture is value system embraced and mores which there is in public / organization. According To James AF Stoner, value system and public mores will influence organization exercise, equally mirror culture will in company organization structure.
Though culture influences company management but basically function of management is really planning, organization, straffing, leads and observation.

B. Management of West Style
Organizational arisen as consequence from government agency, religious and army, herewith arises concept about leadership, control spread, coordination, control, and functional peculiarity ( functional specialization ). management of Occidental style in colouring sosiality, desire of efesien and effectiveness.
Professionalism character in x'self of the managers and segregate between someones as social creature and creature spiritual with someone as manager professional is company management individuality of West. Profitability is esteemed height once, although is not absolute, continuity of long-range often is majored compared to with height of profitability.


C. Management of Japan Style
According To Sayidiman Suryohadiprjo, about management of Japan style that is life philosophy making account of Makoto, is meaning seriousness in all life area, included in executing everyday job(activity, makes its(the success Japan chartered investment counsel. All culture influences presents specification of management of Japan, with marking as follows :

1. The relation of job(activity for a lifetime, that is that a company or government
body receives very new employee one year. This more than only an unique
wisdom, be above bottom such life facet and job(activity is integrated.

2. Decision making system ( ringgi ), that is formal decision-making processes by
circularizing all proposals ( what named nemawashi ) to reach consensus in
organization. System analysis ringgi emphasizes possibility to participate created
and oriented at consensus confessed in process of before proposals is submitted
by signed by collective decision taker and division of responsibility.

3. Evaluation and promotion, that is doesn't major from at one particular certain area. Mean that a worker in a working company more than 10 years, hence will be promoted to higher level other part x'self.

4. Paternalism, that is arranging the relation of chummy fatherhood between member of Japan borne from solidarity between religions Budha, Shinto and Konfucius and code of ethics Bushido realized in organization of Japan company. Japan Manager obviates individual responsibility, company decision is decision of cluster taken on the basis of consensus so that nothing that responsible personally. Elementary in essence non authority, but wa ( compatibility ) reached through queer balance between units marked by identity and in its entirety.

5. Total quality control ( TQC ) that is business which totally to make something becoming more and more good, by the way of strarting it is well, does it is well so that result of his(its is good and earns until last consumer hand or consumer well.

a. Main principle of TQC is:
1. Majors quality
2. Process following
3. Controller based on fact
4. Process control
5. Humanity aspect

b. Quallity control Circle ( QCC ), has duty to control and looks for situation of resistances and mistakes for improve;repaired, consisted of a group of Japan company employee ( between 5-10 mans ) is working outside office hours with a purpose to looks for because annoyed it improvement of quality total led by someone who assumed very credibility.

Purpose Of QCC embraced internationally is as follows:
a. Renders repair and develops company.
b. Receives and esteems humanity reality from making job(activity unit as bed of down to work.
c. Pays attention to individual ability fully and throws away dicey possibility.


D. Management of Indonesia Style

Fact so-called management of Indonesia style till now still have not is or reality has not, but trying to create a management system typical of Indonesia coming from culture values, that is familiarity character, cooperating and deliberation, what formulated then principles in Five Principles, that is:

1. Principle firstly is fastened with development principle of man as fully his(its in meaning of company besides paying attention to physical prosperity also pays attention to prosperity of spirituality from the employees.

2. Second principle can be interpreted as business is not to quicken man as factors of production and so that man labour is not entangled as cost factor ( cost factor ) mere.

3. Principle third emphasizes to importance of national is having precedence over from at other importance.

4. Fourth principle, interpreted that decision making of intracorporate worker.

5. Fifth principle subjects to purpose of which wish to be reached by company beside maximum income, also justice for all man who is having intracorporate importance.

Marketing Flop

Marketing Flop

Indium principle marketing manager does two functions that is each other interconnected, that is planning and then applies the plan. Indium implementing function of planning, marketing manager must specify target of and purpose of which wish to is reached, thereby marketing flop is ace analysis about planning, exercise and control from program made to create, builds and maintains exchanges and relationships profiting with target of market ( target of market ) with a purpose to reachs target of and purpose of organization.

Expenditure Management / Standard

Expenditure Management / Standard

management of Expenditure / standard is all company activities gets fund to required by company along with business to apply fund is ace efficient ace possibly. Plays function from manager expenditure of is plan to does ( planning for ) gets and applies funds indium the way of certain so that organization activity will is reached through efficiency that is most maximum.
Indium decision making of management of expenditure / monetary divided into 3 category:
a. Retrieval of decision about investment ; wealth of what which must
obtained company ?

b. Decision making about expenditure / standard ; what the wealth must is
financed.

c. Decision making about division of deviden ; what gain which obtained
company must is assorted between the owners, and what is remaining
indium company.

Production management Scope.

Production management Scope.

Production management include; covers activitys including decisions about covering production system design:

a. Screening and design result of production, through research and product
development ( R and D ).

b. Equipments screening and process.

c. Production Planning and goods which will is processed.

d. Job(activity duty design.

e. Four p's place of business.

f. compilation of Equipments from plant.

Functional Management Areas

Functional Management Areas

1. Be each other interrelationship between areas management.
Organization is a system consisted of by interconnected element.
Interconnected production with responsibility from human resource, human
resource from standard, marketing from produce of and so.

2. Management of Human resource. Man is all important element indium success
of a business. Ace human resource manager does two functions that is:
function of manajerial and function of operatif. Function of manajerial is
activity arranges creation and addition usefulness of goods or service,
while function of operatif covers:

a. Obtains labour, gets number of and quality of labours ace
required to reach purpose of organization.

b. Develops labour, by the way of practice to add skill that
ace according to skill required to is able to implement duty
with good.

c. Make-good, indium the form of recompensation that is proper
and enough to their contribution to attainment of purpose of
organization.

d. Integration, firms up between labour individuals, public
and organization.

e. Defends x'self, that is: that permanent organization stable
of and everlasting.

f. Cuts loose, return of labour to place of initialy that is
public.

Definition of Management and Organizational

Definition of Management and Organizational

Management comes from English, that is management with vb. to manage which indium general burdens manages. Word of management always used for leader an organization, where place of people who does activity to lead.
Organization is a system having the character of social - chartered investment counsel - technical. Social means peripatetic indium and is movement of the system is man. Economic meaned activity indium system aim to fulfill requirement of human life and technical meaned indium activity is used [ by] possession, certain equipments and way, thus management is an inwrought step runs developing an organization ace a system having the character of social - chartered investment counsel - technical. From third of the character most importantly is social because more important man than moneys ( chartered investment counsel ) and equipments ( technical ) because that is man must become management principal focus.
According To Stoner, management is planning process, organization, leader, and observes effort for from member of organizations and from source of organizations the other to reach purpose of which has been specified, While Paker Follet defines management as art to do something through others.

Committee

Committee

Committee is a group of man who surendered ( as a cluster ) a problem which must be finalized. This committee called as also council, commision, set of duty or team. As for as reason of apply committee that is idea and consideration of cluster, fear too much authority at an unique, motivation through participation, action locked in, coordination of department, plan and habit and continues and divides information.

Decentralization of Authority

Decentralization of Authority

Decentralization of Authority is an basal aspect from delivery or delegation of authority.

1. Delegation of Authority purpose of mainly is to enable existence of
organization, what covers various processes that is:


a. Determination of result expected

b. Duty vesting

c. Delegation of Authority for duty exercise

d. Responsibility claim for duty exercise

2. Centralization of Authority, that is performing [a] centralization
of authority or equally decentralization reversal.

DEPARTEMENTASI

DEPARTEMENTASI

Departementasi is business is classifying people activity into departments ( area, division or branch from company ).
1. Organization as process, mean various bottom inputs must be paid attention in this case that is structure must express purpose and activity plan, structure must express available authority for manager, structure must express area and must be filled with staff consisted of by people.
2. Level of organization and management spread, that is limitation of number of men which able to be observed by manager, because ever greater of company ( increasingly narrow;tight spanned it ), hence more and more amounts level of organization.

3. Departementasi based on function of company, consisted of:

a. Main functional department ( Fortunate ) that is that is becoming activity executor typical of company.

b. Functional department of Minor that is functioning to maintain prestige and company power held by the managers.

4. Departementasi based on region, its(the principle is that any activity in certain region or area must be classified and assigned to attacking manager.

5. Departementasi based on production, that is existence of delegation of authority to the officers devisi ( part ).

6. Departementasi based on cutomer?client mean arrangement of activity adapted for by what required by prospecting customer.

7. Departementasi is orienting at marketing, adapted for condition of market or shelf distribution applied.

8. Departementasi service is a subdividing of activity in a special department for purpose of efficiency.

9. Organization of Matrix ( chain ), amalgamation of functional form and produce of from departementasi in the same organization structure.

Form Of Organizations

Form Of Organizations

1. Evaluated from organization top leader amounts, differentiated to become organization of single top leader and council top leader. organization of Unique top leader is having top leader one ( rank company ) and organization of council top leader is having rank multiple leader ( limited liability company and firm ).

2. Based on the relation of its(the authority, in this case something called as line authority ( line authority ) that is generating upper responsibility is reached [by] it purpose of company, staff authority that is authority to assist that man who is having job(activity line authority effectively in reaching purpose of company and functional authority that is authority given to someone or department to be able to partake takes decision about thing residing in other department. By seeing relationship happened at organization, hence distinguishable become:

a. Organization of Line / line that is having the relation of line authority in its(the organization ( small scale company ).

b. Organization of Handcuff / line and staff, where there is line athority and staff authority and between both there is relationship ( big scale ).

c. Functional organization and line / line, where in it there is the relation of line authority and functional ( big company and there is specialist ).

Organizational Principles In Having Business

Organizational Principles In Having Business

1. Formulation principle purpose, namely activity any kind of required to reach purpose of efficiently and effective.

2. Principle division of labor, namely which activity must be implemented and become its(the responsibility.

3. Delegation principle of Authority, that a part can implement activity and claimed its(the responsibility.

4. Coordination principle, aim to that parts doesn't run x'self because activities implemented a part is each other influence.

5. Management spread principle ( interval of leader and subordinate ).

6. Principle level of observation.

7. Pool principle governed, subordinate only receive comand from its(the superior and only having responsibility to its(the superior.

Function Of Organization In Having business

Function Of Organization In Having Business

Organization is pegging of roles structure through determination of activitys required to reach purpose of company. So that the role of organization is and means for people, the role must include;cover purpose of proved, concept that is clear, limits to determine wisdom understood so that man who is executing soybean cake to know what which must be done.
Based on management expert Barnard and Hawthorne, organizational is differentiated to become formal and formal xenon. Told is formal if(when activity to attack or more coordinated consciously towards specific-purpose and formal xenon is aimless person activity to join in consciousness.

Trouble-Shooting and Decision Making In Having Business

Trouble-Shooting and Decision Making In Having Business
Decision making is describe process through such an action to break a certain problem is selected. Problem type and decision depend on situation that is exist, thereby hence distinguishable of decision which have been program and decision that is not is program.
Decision which has been program is which is made and adapted for a habit, regulation or procedure, while which is not is program is related to remarkable and unique problems ( certain problem ).
Systematically trouble-shooting process is executed [by] through 4 step that is :

1. Checks situation.
a. Determines problem.
b. Determines decision making objects.
c. Diagnosa from causes.

2. Develops alternatives
a. gives alternative which creative.
b. Doesn't perform [a] evaluation at the moment.

3. Evaluates alternative and chooses best x'self
a. Evaluates alternative.
b. Select;chooses alternative which best.

4. Applied and watched.
a. Applying from plan.
b. Watchs the applying and makes adjustment.

Business plan Stages;Steps

Business plan Stages;Steps

1. Realizes the opportunity.

2. Formulates target / purpose.

3. Determines premise / forecasts.

4. Determines direction of action.

5. Evaluates action.

6. Chooses one alternative.

7. Determines generation plan.

8. Depicts.

Organizational Plan Type And Or Business

Organizational Plan Type And Or Business

Result from planning process is plan.
As for plan type is:
1. Intention or mission, that is purpose of specially differentiates an
organization from conspecific other organization.

2. Target, that is target which must be reached by an organization for the
agenda of reaching purpose.

3. Strategy, determination to purpose of main.

4. Wisdom, statement of public which is guidance in to thinks and acts in
decision making.

5. Procedure, method which able to be used in handling activity which will be
done.

6. Regulation, action claimed to be done and selected from some the
alternative.

7. Program, be pool from purpose, wisdom , procedure, regulation, duty
vesting, step which will be taken and source which will be applied.

8. Budget, a plan depicting result expected and expressed in the form of
number.

Meaning and The Importance Of Planning

Function Of Planning In Organization and Also Business

Meaning and The Importance Of Planning

Planning is determine target which wish to be reached, action which ought to be executed, correct organization structure to reach it and people who responsible to activitys which will be executed.

Function of planning has four purpose of important that is:

1. Lessens / makes balance to uncertainty and alterations in in the future.

2. Focus attention to target.

3. Gets / guarantees process attainment of purpose of executed economically.

4. Facilitates observation.

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Definition of Management and Organizational

Management comes from English, that is management with vb. to manage which indium general burdens manages. Word of management always used for leader an organization, where place of people who does activity to lead.
Organization is a system having the character of sosio - chartered investment counsel - technical. Sosio means peripatetic indium and is movement of the system is man. Economic meaned activity indium system aim to fulfill requirement of human life and technical meaned indium activity is used [ by] possession, certain equipments and way, thus management is an inwrought step runs developing an organization ace a system having the character of sosio - chartered investment counsel - technical. From third of the character most importantly is sosio because more important man than moneys ( chartered investment counsel ) and equipments ( technical ) because that is man must become management principal focus.
According To Stoner, management is planning process, organization, leader, and observes effort for from member of organizations and from source of organizations the other to reach purpose of which has been specified, While Paker Follet defines management ace art to does something through others.


MANAGEMENT BOTTOMS AND ORGANIZATIONAL

1. Modern Management Task
In reaching purpose of organization, the managers must receive the existence of strength which will give form to organization either now or then [by] day. Trend happened in business area, at the moment is:
a. Life cycle result of produce of increasingly short.
b. Technology has just changed operating method which there [are].
c. Legal capital demand would more and more height.
d. Governmental investment more and more.

2. Organizational As System
System is a gathering of interacting part and hinges and is arranged in such a manner causing yields an entirety. In system will be received input that is then is changed or processed to yield output.

3. System Types
System classified as open system and closed system. Closed system that is thing self contained with characteristic that is most dominance is disregard area. While open system acknowledges dynamic interaction between systems with area.